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“That just levels the playing field for our own producers versus their dumped product,” said SAPA’s Marthinus Stander. South Africa argues that the U.S. industry is tailored to Americans’ preference for white, de-boned breast meat. Since U.S. producers can recover their costs with the sale of breast meat, SAPA says the thighs and drumsticks favored by South Africans can be exported at below cost. U.S. producers say the South African tariff is illegal. “The anti-dumping duties imposed on U.S. poultry were based on a flawed legal theory .. that has twice been held by WTO (World Trade Organization) panels to be inconsistent with international rules,” said James Sumner, president of the USA Poultry & Egg Export Council (USAPEEC).

In 2015, U.S, authorities approached the South Africa and, using the threat of a withdrawal of South Africa’s AGOA benefits, pushed for a quota exempt from the tariff, AGOA (African Growth and Opportunity Act) grants qualifying countries duty-free access to U.S, markets for thousands of goods and South Africa is among the main beneficiaries, South Africa’s poultry industry agreed to the deal despite the fact its exports university of pennsylvania quakers cufflinks remain blocked from entering the U.S, market, It calculates the quota has cost about 6,500 jobs..

“It was for the good of the other industries. So we kind of put on a Team South Africa hat in terms of making the rest of the AGOA benefits possible,” said Stander, who is CEO of Country Bird Holdings Ltd - one of South Africa’s top poultry producers. Last year, according to South African tax authority data compiled by SAPA, the United States exported more than 87,000 tonnes of poultry to South Africa, up more than 200 percent from 2016 and second only to Brazil’s 337,476 tonnes.

Trade Minister Davies said when the White House announced tariffs of 25 percent on steel and 10 percent on aluminum this year claiming imports threatened its national security, Pretoria sought an exclusion, South Africa’s steel and aluminum exports to the United States last year were worth more than $650 million, according to South Africa’s Trade Law Centre, But since they constituted just 1 percent of U.S, steel and a little over 1 percent university of pennsylvania quakers cufflinks of its aluminum, they represented no threat to the United States, South Africa argued..

“We were just told that we were out. We were not going to be considered for exemption. The tariff was going to apply to us,” Davies said. Now that SAPA has filed a lawsuit to force a suspension of the poultry quota, the South African government finds itself in an awkward position. If the anti-dumping tariff is reapplied, South Africa risks retaliation from Washington which could have a more far-reaching impact on the economy as a whole. The USAPEEC’s Sumner told Reuters his group would lobby the U.S. government to take action if the quota is revoked over the metal tariffs.

“It has absolutely nothing to do with poultry trade between the U.S, and South Africa,” Sumner said, “SAPA is trying to be opportunistic here and to increase trade frictions unnecessarily.”, South African meat importers also oppose university of pennsylvania quakers cufflinks any suspension of the quota, They say it would push up prices for consumers and could provoke Washington’s wrath, “It’s quite possible the Trump administration would take South Africa on,” said David Wolpert, CEO of the Association of Meat Importers and Exporters of South Africa..

The form of any possible U.S. retaliation is unclear for now. “We cannot speculate on what South Africa may or may not do with respect to its tariffs and non-tariff barriers,” a U.S. State Department official wrote in response to Reuters’ queries. But analysts and South African officials worry the country’s AGOA benefits may be in danger, again. Washington used the threat of a withdrawal of AGOA benefits to press Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania to roll back tariffs last year on second-hand clothing from the United States. Rwanda refused and its AGOA benefits were curtailed in July.

A blanket suspension of South Africa’s AGOA status would hit the university of pennsylvania quakers cufflinks transportation equipment industry hardest, About 85 percent of its nearly $1.4 billion in exports to the United States were covered by AGOA last year, Ultimately, with legal action pending, the South African government’s hands may be tied, And despite the broader economic implications, South Africa’s poultry industry is standing firm, “We agreed something to benefit the South African industries, And that benefit has been taken away ., We just want what’s fair,” SAPA’s Stander said..



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